AmSkulChemistry

   In 1897, when Joseph John Thomson was studying the properties of cathode rays, he discovered that by placing two oppositely-charged electric plates around the cathode ray. The cathode ray will deflect away from the negatively-charged electric plate and towards the positively-charged plate. Therefore, it indicated that the cathode ray was composed of negatively-charged particles.  This particle was named: electron .  An electron is the negatively charged subatomic particle of an atom. They orbits around the shells of different energy levels. Joseph John Thomson was born in Cheetham Hill on December 18, 1856.  He enrolled at Owens College Manchester, in 1870.  Thomson had an interest in atomic structure, he conducted a lot of lectures in the U.S about severals of his finding.  In his life time, he won Nobel Prizes such as: Nobel Prize in Physics and the Adams Prize in 1884.  His contribution to the atomic structure ...

John Dalton was an English chemist, physicist and meteorologist. He was best known for introducing the atomic theory into chemistry, and his research on colour blindness, which is sometimes referred to as daltonism in his honour. John Dalton released his first periodic table in 1803, when he released his atomic theory and his work on gas laws. His first periodic table only had 5 elements; Hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon and sulfur. Dalton attempted to create à system to symbolise the elements, but it didn’t work, because it was replaced by à system of only letters, proposed by à swedish Jons Berzelius. This was done shortly after Dalton released the second volume of his periodic table, in 1808, which included new elements, and even compounds, but this version did not come out until 1827 and contained an even longer list of elements. Dalton’s First list of elements, published in 1803 with other work, contained only five elements, a far cry from the 100+ that we have today. ...

  Solids are known as the most ordered state of matter, all of the atoms or molecules in the solid are connected othether to form objects with firm and stable shapes.  A solid itself can not change volume, some solids like sponges can be squeeze, but that is only air that are coming out, the solid itself does not change size. Different types of solids: Crystalline Solid: The molecules in a crystalline solid are arranged in a regular pattern, there are strong bonds between atoms and molecules.  Amorphous Solid: Atoms and molecules are NOT arranged in a regular pattern.  They are more like those in a liquid.   Different properties of solids Solids may be strong or weak, hard or soft, and may return to their original shape or stay deformed after a force acting on it.  All depends on the molecules and atoms that makes up the solid. Brittle: Brittle solids (ceramics) can have craks pas...

Chemistry SL November 8, 2018 Niels Bohr and his contributions to Chemistry Niels Bohr Niels Bohr was a Danish physicist born in 1885. He came from a very well educated family, and attended Copenhagen University to pursue a career in Physics. He was able to obtain his Masters degree at the age of 23 and his Doctorate at the age of 25. He was also the winner of the Nobel prize for Physics in 1922. Due to his many contributions to Physics and other scientific fields, he is widely regarded as one of the greatest scientific minds of the 20th century. While his expertise lies mainly in Physics, he also made several monumental discoveries for Chemistry as well. He was the first to realize that elements in the periodic table had unique chemical properties, which was a direct result of the number of electrons the atom could hold. He was also the first to theorize that electrons could move from a higher orbit to a lower one, and that energy will be emitted in the process. His work w...

Electrons occupy sub-levels within each energy level. These sublevels are classified by the letters s, p, d, f. The first energy level (n=1) has one sublevel, the second energy level has two sublevels, the third energy level has three and so on. The s sublevel can hold a maximum of two electrons, the p sublevel can hold six, the d sublevel holds up to 10 and the f sublevel can hold 14 electrons. Electrons start to fill sublevels starting from the lowest energy level which is the shell closest to the nucleus and then expands outward to larger energy levels which can house more electrons. The order of the different sublevels should be memorized in order to properly understand electron configuration which is used to see how electrons are distributed throughout different elements on the periodic table. We can use the Aufbau principle to see the order in which each sub-level is filled us with electrons. The table helps us. Order of Configurations = 1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s² , 3p⁶, 4s ², 3d...

Welcome! This is a blog for my IB Chemistry students to post their research, their projects, their interesting findings. We want to try to collaborate with the greater scientific community and share some of what we have found on topics we cover in class. Happy to have you here with us! Feel free to comment and add questions so we can continue to collaborate and come to a greater understanding of the world together.